ZEV are arbitrary requirements dreamt up by eco zealot, globalist politicians. Bribes via rebates, business write offs, road and BIK taxes have not met their ambitions, so we have a penal system that further punishes an industry that has over committed to the cause. Jaguar is building its last few ICE F pace having stopped all saloons. Strange that is also ending production of the Austrian built I Pace. Ford is in a dark place, having cancelled the hugely successful Fiesta, leaving only the Romanian Puma to face the flood of cheap Chinese EVs. In the USA things are even more polarised. VWs lucrative domestic China sales have plummeted along with many other Western manufacturers and have invested in Xpeng which will hopefully improve their woeful software disasters. What price VW badged Xpengs replacing loss making ids, which have high Chinese content including the CATL batteries? German factory closures are threatened alongside the Belgian Audi EV facility.
Sadly, politicians are rarely capable of “joined up thinking” and ambition, however noble, over rides practicalities and eventually the customer determines the outcome by voting with their feet. Heat pumps, anyone? New houses near me, some £1M+ and not a heat pump or solar panel in sight. Surely should be mandatory rather than subsidies to retrofit to unsuitable older houses? All imho.